Company Secretary
Early-stage startups often raise funds before valuation through instruments like Convertible Notes, SAFEs, and CCPS. This 2025 guide by Pratham Legal explains how each works under Indian company and FEMA laws, helping founders choose the right structure for investors while staying legally compliant.
A US-owned subsidiary in India must have at least two directors (one resident), two shareholders, and a registered office in India. The process is fully online under MCA V3, and FEMA filings like Form FC-GPR must follow after capital remittance from the US parent.
A complete 2025 checklist of mandatory post-incorporation compliances for Indian companies — including bank account opening, Form INC-20A, auditor appointment, share certificates, FEMA filings, and annual MCA V3 returns under the Companies Act, 2013.
Understand the legal, tax, and compliance differences between a Private Limited Company and an LLP in India. This 2026 guide by Prashant Kumar helps founders, startups, and professionals choose the right structure for long-term growth and compliance.
ROC Delhi penalized Tejas Cargo India Ltd for availing a commercial loan before filing INC-20A. The case highlights Section 10A compliance requirements under the Companies Act 2013 and offers key lessons on avoiding procedural defaults in post-incorporation stages.
Foreign companies can enter India through a subsidiary, joint venture, branch, liaison, or project office — each with distinct FEMA, RBI, and tax implications. This guide compares all routes and helps U.S. investors choose the right structure for compliant and scalable expansion.
In 2025, India has become a core destination for U.S. companies expanding globally. From Apple assembling iPhones in Tamil Nadu to SaaS giants setting up R&D hubs in Bengaluru, India offers unmatched advantages — market scale, skilled talent, cost efficiency, and investor-friendly reforms. This article explores why American firms are deepening their India presence, the key policy drivers behind this shift, and how reforms like the PLI scheme, FDI liberalisation, and MCA V3 compliance regime are reshaping the India entry landscape. For founders and CFOs, it’s a practical look at how to build a sustainable, compliant, and growth-ready India strategy in 2025.
Equity-linked rewards are shaping how Indian startups attract and retain talent. This guide explains the key differences between ESOPs, Sweat Equity Shares, and Phantom Stock Plans — including legal framework, compliance under the Companies Act, 2013, valuation rules, and taxation impact for Indian companies in 2026.
Employee Stock Option Plans (ESOPs) in India are governed by Section 62(1)(b) of the Companies Act, 2013 and Rule 12 of the Share Capital and Debentures Rules, 2014. This guide explains how private companies must structure, approve, and file ESOPs under the MCA V3 portal in 2025. It covers board and shareholder approvals, filing forms like MGT-14 and PAS-3, and maintaining Form SH-6. The article also highlights compliance mistakes startups commonly make and how to avoid them during audits and funding rounds. Perfect for founders, CFOs, and company secretaries seeking a clear understanding of ESOP legal compliance in India.
An Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) allows employees to become co-owners in the company they help build. For startups and private companies, ESOPs are a powerful tool to attract, retain, and motivate key talent — without straining cash flow. This article explains how ESOPs work in India, their legal framework, and why they’re vital for sustainable growth.
