How to Register a Trademark in India: Expert Legal Guide for 2026
Expert legal guide to trademark registration in India — explained by Company Secretary Prashant Kumar, who has filed thousands of trademarks and handled objections…
Pratham Legal
Taxation of ESOPs for Startups in India
Learn how Indian startups and employees can plan ESOP taxation under the Income Tax Act, 1961 — covering perquisite tax, capital gains, and DPIIT…
ESOP Buyback and Exit Planning under the Companies Act
A practical guide to ESOP buybacks under Indian law — how startups can legally execute buybacks, plan liquidity events, and manage taxation and compliance.
ESOP Compliance and Reporting in India
Every ESOP in India must comply with Rule 12 of the Companies Act. Learn how startups can legally approve, file, and report ESOPs —…
Startup Funding Instruments in India (2026 Guide): Convertible Notes, SAFEs, and CCPS Explained
Early-stage startups often raise funds before valuation through instruments like Convertible Notes, SAFEs, and CCPS. This 2025 guide by Pratham Legal explains how each…
What is an ESOP and Why Startups Use It?
An Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) allows employees to become co-owners in the company they help build. For startups and private companies, ESOPs are…
Annual Filing on MCA V3 Portal (2026): Simplified Guide for Founders & Professionals
The MCA V3 Portal has transformed annual filing into a detailed, digital process. This guide explains how AOC-4 and MGT-7 are now filed online,…
Difference Between Trademark, Copyright and Patent — Explained with Examples
Learn the key difference between a trademark, copyright, and patent in India — what each protects, how they’re registered, and why early IP protection…
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